Marc Rauer's Community College Of Phila course pages for Summer I, 2014

We will eventually get to Excel and your final. To see previous Excel test (and previous scripts), start the process by clicking here

For information about signing up for the Pearson web site, myitlab.com, click here. The instructor's code is CRSKLUN-10007321

Below are your excel tests. I would have liked to have more time on this but you are aware from our discussions that this has been ans is a continuing problem. There are three questions in each test. In one of the problems, the Famous name deli, you are to enter the information to be used in your spreadsheet. Crewate one sprwadsheet per problem and send then all (or individually) as attached files to 777rauer@777rauer.com. In one of the Emails, there is some info that you are to enter in the Emial text to answer one of the questions in the ratings problem.

Grades to today. Three marking events are included: Lib lit (including second attempt), powerpoint, Word. Y (or N) indicates whether access was submitted. The access tests are bbeing marked. The Access test has been marked and the grades are indicated below. For several of the tests, the logic was so bad that I couldn't keep track of the errors. But, as much credit as possible has been given. Your Excel test was due at midnight tonight and grades are to be in tomorrow at midnight. The deasline has passed and below I am indicating Excel submissions. I am starting the marking by accumulating your excel spreadsheets tonight and very early tomorrow each spreadsheet will be graded. We expect this to be several hours of work and your grade will be submitted sometime tomorrow evening.

The following are examples to be used for this term's study of Word. These are being done in addition to the documents about Aspen Falls as you are finding in your book.

Click here to load where we left the document as of Monday. You may remeber that we were working on the header when class ended.

We will need a picture of Michelle Pfiffer as Catweoman, also. You can load this picture by clicking here. We'll show you where to save this picture.

While I doubt if we get here today, there is another file we need which you can access by clicking here.

We start our discussion of Microsoft Word. First things, first. What controls on the tabs of the ribbons are we going to deal with? We need some definitions for word processing as, for instance, what are msrgins and the topography of a paragraph. And, what is a character, word, paragraph, page and document. Once done with this, let's attack our first problem which in class will be different than your book!

In this class you will see material in two ways: one through me, the other through your book. Is your book important? One assumes that the tests on the web site will use the material of the book. Is my stuff important. We hope it gives you a better understanding of the use of this software.

The first chapter of the Word section in the book does the Aspen Falls Public Library problem. You should be doing the Aspen problem on www.myitlab.com. I believe I have loaded the necessary material from my side of this onto the course and let me know if this is not the case and we'll add more. At the end of the chapter are additional problems you might want to try and above I have provided access to the files needed for this although you can can find the files on the Q drive - a drive shared throughout the school - under Computer technologies and then cis103 student files. It is important to be keeping up with the book since your tests on the MYITLAB website involve the book contents.

As stated previously, We are going to do a different problem in class that is slightly harder and moves into the next chapters of the book in terms of tables, quick parts and objects for insertion. We could have used the Seuss file to do some of this, but this is a more complete problem.

I call this the catacomb(s) problem. Below is a part of what we are aiming at.

We do need some more definitions before we start a word processing problem. In the previous week we looked at the technology of the ribbon so you should be comfortable with that. You should understand character, word, sentence and paragraph. Thgis problem will hopefully give you more practice with character commands, not to mentioon paragraph commands. In the end, we should also see a use of styles. But, just to put you on a par with other users of Word, here are other things to consider:

We do word processing on a sheet of paper. Standard paper in the US is 8.5 inch by 11 inch. A second standard, designated as legal, is 8,5 by 14 inches. Years ago printers were designed to handle both standard although today you might purchase a printer that does not handle the legal standard.

Paper sizes are not uniform around the world and Word is designed to be able to handle these other standards although your printer may no be in that position).

When creating a word document, you already are aware that you skip space at the sides of the paper and this is called a margin designated as top, bottom, left and right. Top and bottom contain their own sections of code designated as header and footer.

Now, when entering data into the word, a single hit of the keyboard enters a character. A set of characters delimited by spaces, a beginning of a paragrah marker (to be defined) or end of paragraph (again t be defined) is a word. Word do not need to have meaning. 123 or abc are words when typed. To determine meaning and achieve corrections in spelling, Word provides tools such as the spell checker and autocorrect to accomplish this.

A group of words ending in punctuation is a sentence. Similarly, if a sentence should need more room than what is available left to right on the screen, the coding automatically moves to a next line as you are typing. This creates two definitions: word wrap and line. Word wrap (or a soft return) is where you are typing a word and it encroaces the right margin and the system forces you down below and to the right to begin a new line and line is the physical result.

The definitions above more or less meet language requirements. The next doesn't. A paragraph in Word processing is the hitting of the enter key. This creates, in essence, a user defined word wrap as the system takes you done and to the left. This is also known as a hard return. This definition of paragraph has great effect in Word as commands are, for the most part, broken down between character and paragraph. A character command requires text to be selected to invoke immediate results. If no text is selected, placeholders are inserted into the text at the point where the character command is initialed and these are invisible to you at that point. Later, if coding is encountered at the placeholders, the cosing is entered with these attributes. Paragraph commands require only that one or more charaters of a paragraph are selected (and in most cases you can get away with the cursor being positioned on the paragraph) to effect changes to the whole paragraph.

Word has a tool, as you are already aware, for determining where enters have been hit as well as spaces and this is hide show. Below is a graphic indicating this usage and we will use this tool as we do this problem.

In word processing several characters that are contiguous (together) separated by spaces or punctuation (or the beginning of a document or the end of a document or the beginning of a paragraph or end of a paragraph) is designated as a word. Any word can be selected by a double click on it. FYI: In XP and in Word 2003, there was something called a smart mouse which would automatically highlight the entire word one one of the characters was selected.

A group of words together before and after paragraph breaks (or beginning and end of doucument) is a paragraph. A paragraph break is nothing more than the hitting of the enter key. THius can be selected by a triple click and tyou can see the action as first the word is selected and then the paragraph.

Let's start with a new document. If in Word already, use file/new and select a blank template. If bringing up word without selecting an existing document, Word should put you into a new document.

Notice the title bar up top. The name should indicate Document1 - Microsoft Word. Word defaults to specific names for new possible documents. Documentx where x startts at 1 and increases for every new document added during a launch (launch is a Microsoft expression to designate that a version of word is up and running). You should be in document 1 at this time. You should not save the file with this name and even with the name doc1.docx that the system will substitute when you are in save as.

We have been in Word before. With a blank page, let's determine what Word sets as parameters. First, you should see a blinking indicator at 1 inch down and 1 inch across. This is the I cursor. The I cursor is where you enter text (and objects). Another cursor you should be aware of is the mouse cursor which is free to roam. If we take the serial and parallel discussions from previous classes, the I cursor os serial,the mouse cursor is direct. If I get the chance, I will show you a great new feature that has been added to the interaction of the I and mouse cursor but onward to other things.

2 new definitions. Where your mouse is atv the moment is the home postion of the document. You can always get to the home position by clicking Ctrl Home. As you enter data into the document, the end position of the document moves further down (at the moment with nothing in here, the end position is the same as the home position). You can always get to the end position by the cus of ctrl end.

What about the way this document will appear on the paper. It will not move from the top left of the paper to the bottom right. It is constrained by margins. Because of the nature if printers there is a natural margin of probably about a quarter of an inch. We obviously want to use more than this. Until 2001, Microsoft used the standard of 1" around. In 2001, they changed to 1.25" left and right and 1" top and bottom now known as the Word 2003 standard. For this version, they are back to 1" around. The top and bottom margins are special as they can contain additional information. Margins can be set through the page layout tab and can be changed at any time which means that the program will automatically realign the document as the margin is changed. Below, we show a composite picture dealing with margins.

Not that it means much, but you can also change the size of your paper in page layout under size. In the US there are two standards: 8.5 by 11 and 8.5 by 14. In other countries, however, there are other standards generally smaller than that of the US.

While in this section, we should also indicate that you can change the way the printer prints per orientation. Word (and Microsoft office) supports 2 way: portrait and landscape. Landscape makes you document look as it it has been shifted 90 degrees as it prints.

Let's start with an address block. We will show this to you two ways. One is by traditional paragraphs, the other using breaks. let's start with traditional paragraph ad put your hide/show on.

First paragraph is Mr. Bruce Wayne, second is 1000 Wayne Industry Drive, the third is Bat Cave, NC 28710. Your document should look like:

Mr. Bruce Wayne
1000 Wayne Industry Drive
Bat Cave, NC 28710

and you would see the end of paragraph markers at the end of each line.

We should mention the use of Calibri. In the 1990 versions of Word the default font was Times Roman, a font created by the Times Of London. Fonts are copyrightable and the use of this font must be paid for. I assume, because of this, the Xp and 2003 versions of Word defaulted to Arial, a font developed by and owned by Microsoft as I understand it. Arial is more open than Timers Roman and probably this is what gave it it's name. Arial 10 was the height of Times Roman 12. For 2007 (and this version) Microsoft has defaulted to Calibri 11, another font owned by Microsoft. Calibri 11 is smaller than Arial 10 (and Times Roman 12).

As to point size, this references the size of the small a in 5terms of the number of periods (dots or points) put on top[ of each other to get to that size. As to displaying point size, it is similar to font and you can preview just as we did for the font. Below, we show this and you should keep in mind that you can preview but without selection the point size will return to what it was before the use of this control

Similarly, you can use preview in terms of underline. The U control in the font group will show a series of underlines when its downward arrow is pressed. Again highlight some text and move your cursor over the possible underlines to see what it will look like. Remember, unless you select, it returns to what it was. Similarly you can do the same thing with colors. In word, there is background and foreground colors,. Foreground id the ink, if you will, and background is the paper. Remeber one rule that every artist knows. A piece of r=text with the same color for background and foreground is invisible,

There are more font controls (and sooner or later we will go over these) but let's concentrate on another aspect of this document now. I need a salutation. After our address block, we want to add Dear Mr Wayne:. This brings up spme problems as to spacing as indicated in the problem in your book. We will discuss several of the possible solutions of your book but understand that we expec t to answer this question with another technique. But first, let's add the salutation. But where?

The traditional way of doing this is to go to the end of the document (the zip code) and hit enter keys as you work your way down the document. In this case, we probably would want to skip a line and then put in the salutation. B ut this version of Word has a better way of doing this. Move your mouse cursor to where you think you would like to add this text beyond the end of the document, Double click and you will find that the system adds blank line (enters, no text) down to your mouse position. In this case, its trivial, but when dealing with a heavy use of objects in addition to text, this technique can save a whole lot of time and trouble. Now, enter the salutation.

After the salutation we need to add another paragraph as indicated below:

Let me introduce myself. For years I was Batman’s rival, Catwoman. But, I have found a more purrfect way to earn a living.

Add this to you document and it should look like the following assuming that we have not changed font, point size, lack of underline and default coloring.

Now, let's discuss this paragraph you put in. Did you specifically create the break between the two lines. We hope not. If you did, you are defeating the entire purpose of this program. The program should have decided when to break based on a whole series of things such as font, point size, margins, etc. The program polls your typing. As you get close to a margin (in this case the right margin) it determines if the word you typed has violated (or encroached) the margin. If it has, it moves that word automatically down the paper to start the next line. We will be discussing spacing and you should understand that what has been defaulted as spacing (or what you have set) determines how far down this next line is. Any changes to any characteristics will force the program to look at your line again. If these new characteristics again have a word encroaching the margin, the line is reset, that word is brought down and it now leads the new line. On the other hand, if added spacing has been created, it will try to fit the first words on the next line up into the end of this line and if it succeeds, the document is completely layed out anew. The word processing industry calls this word wrap.

Now, let's look at spacing. There is spacing within the paragraph (between each line). spacing before a paragraph and spacing after. Quite frankly, this is one of the hardest things to control in Word. It is complicated by another factor, the difference in size between the default fonts of 2003 and before and the default font of this and the 2007 version.

Let's take a look at the spacing options. They are part of the paragraph group which should tell you how they can be controlled. Below, is what we would see when this control is pressed. In addition, you can use the dialog box that the group is associated with.

Most of the line options make sense except for 1.15. Can you guess what that might be used for. We'll discuss this in class as we end our lecture

If you look at the entire document, you are now at the paragraph: Introducing Catacomb, your one step location for Cat grooming. But, it certainly doesn't look like the other paragraphs. it is centered, bordered and shaded.

Your instructor has an interest in how one controls the reader's eyes and this is one trick. Human eyes are attracted to darkness surrounded by light. We will do this with this paragraph. It assures that any eyes that are set on this document will at first go here. The plan is to type in the next 2 paragraphs (introducing and you know how), center the introducing paragraph and then border and shade it. To add effect, we will increase the spacing between it and let me introduce and it and you know how.

Let's discuss justification first. But, to see the full effects, let's work on the You know how paragraph as it has several lines. We had a discussion about word wrap and the process of word wrap autimatically creates a jagged line at the right of the paragraph (assuming left justification). Left justification, the assumption that is automatically made, comes from the characteristics of english which is oriented from the top of the page with paragraphs as left as possible. Other languages (and societies) have other norms.

The picture below shows the 3 paragraphs left justified on the left and right justified on the right. The blue line shows the appropriate margin. The green boxes show the remaining space per line for each paragraph. It is the green boxesthat get manipulated during justification. From left justification to right, the boxes are moved from one side to the other. If we were to center, the green boxes would be split with a half on one side and the other half on the other.

In word, one more justification exits called either justification or full justification. This was made popular by Word perfect in the middle 80's. It is a technique that left justifies while also right justifiying. How can this be done. The green boxes are divided by the number of spaces in the line and added to each of those spaces. This occurs for every line but the last as it would be too obvious in that case. This technique will not work for documents where the average characters per word are high as gaps will be seen. Below, we set these paragraphs to full justification. We have taken the liberty to move lines. At the bottom next to each other is a line form the top paragraph above the bottom paragraph. Look at the spacing indicated by the black lines and circles. You should be able to make out a slight difference in the size of the spacing.

Now having done all this, we would like to center the paragraph starting with introducing. Any changes to the other paragraphs should be undone, You have a tool at the top in the quick access toolbar that is called undo. Another is redo. In word, (and this does not extend to Excel) you can go back and forth pretty much at will. Let's undo the justification changes done to these paragraphs. Below, you can see a composite of what was done. Notice that the undo gives you a detailed listing while redo indicated the next item to redo. The way this works is similar to the use of the navigation keys in browsers in the internet

Let's use this to discuss spacing and the differences between non paragraph returns and straight paragraphs. The picture below is something we will talk about

While we have a bit of a document here, let's look at some special commands. Ctrl A highlihts all the text which you can try in class as I am doing it. Ctrl Home takes you to the home position of the document and Ctrl end takes you to the bottom of the document. We have used enter and shift enter. What does Ctrl enter do. It creates a new page. By the way, this is called a hard page. Where the system breaks, the terminology is soft break.

We have more thing to discuss per paragraph spacing but in an oblique manner. To discuss this lets look at preview. We will first concentrate on points as indicated in the picture below.

Let's do preview looking at font. Theoretically, the type setting industry reverses how we use terminology but for office applications the font will be fine. Below, and we will do this in class, we look at the circuitous route to the spacing of 1.15.

With this text and preview, let's look at many of the character commands of the font group. This will be grow and shrink, casing, bold, italics, underline, coloring and, if we can, text effects which is a version of word art.

We are going to change things from what you see on the catacomb printout. Let's insert a date at the home position of the document. How is date determined in Word - quite frankly by your system?

Below you will see a previous year's way of doing this.

Right before the picture, we should create a table. The table contains several names supposedly of clients. You will see enough tables as we deal with Excel in the future and you already know that you can, through OLE, invoke an excel spreadsheet through Word.

We however will deal with Word tables. This is not as extensive as Excel and while the program gives you some capability for math in Word tables, I've never been able to adequately control the math and, if it is me, I use Word tables only for styling as we will do here.

A table is made up of rows crisscrossed by columns. At the intersection of each row and column is a cell. A cell acts like a little document and you can do just about anything in that cell that you would do in a document (including adding another table) except tab as tab is the tables way of moving from one cell to another. What is of interest on a row, for instance, is how you can left justify one cell, center another and right justify a third. And, this may sould familiar as this is how your header and footer work which really are tables in disguise.

Before doing our table in this doucment, create a new document in word. Remember, you can switch back and forth between documents either through the status bar of the operating system or through view/switch windows control on the view tab.

You can use your mouse to move to a cell or use the tab key to go to the next cell however be ware that use of the tab key in the last cell duplicates the last row (which is added).

Tables can be zoned and by that I mean that you have selection capability. With you mouse depressed, move your mouse cursor through the first 2 cells. Notice how both are selected. Now, with your ctrl key depressed, add the last 2 cells to your selection.

Rows can be selected by moving your cursor slightly to the right of the row and clicking. Keeping you mouse depressed you can add other rows (up or down) to the selection.

Similarly, you can select a column by moving your cursor slightly above the column and you will see a smll arrow. Click and that column is selected and similar ot rows, multiple columns can be selected.

Finally, every time you have been over the table, a little square has appeared top left of the table. This can be clicked to select all the cells of the table. Right clicking this control will give you many other options.

Let's run a little exercise. For each cell, type in the text of it's number. Cell one has text of one, cell two has text of two, One through four should be row 1, five through eight should be row 2 and nine through twelve should be row 3.

Now, do the following. Select column 1 and underline. Notice how only column 1 is underlined. Center column 2. Bold and set as 18 point size column 3. right justify and color column 4's text in red. (notice that all color is directed to the text) Below, we have done this.

Background color for thec table is provided by extensive formatting and layout options which are available to you within the layout tab. Below, here are some possibilities.

Now, having done this, we want to return to our catacomb document, the other document in Word. We need to insert the table as indicated below.

Let's do this. Create a 5 row by 3 column table. The first row is a header so click header on the header check box in design. Fill out the data. Click the first column and bold. Click the last column and italicize. Finally, use layout to select an appropriate design (or layout) for the entire table.

Let's add the picture at the bottom and we get

The coupon at the bottom of the page is a textbox using a gradient. Below we select this.

Let's get back to dealing with this document. Suppose we would like to see a different font or point size for this, how and what are we doing. Fonts are styles of characters and the world has plenty of these. You can see these by clicking the top left control in thsi group (it should read calibri) and moving your cursor over several of these selections as was done below. This is preview.

Having done this, let's move to the paragraph starting with introducing. The technique being done could be accomplished with text boxes but we will use paragraph controls. Center this paragraph. Now, move the bottom right control in the paragraph group and click the right portion of the control to see the options. You can see that you can border various parts of the sides of this paragraph. In addition, although we will not use this here, you can set vertical lines which at times is very convenient. We want more, though. Click the last option, Borders and shading and it is here that we will set some aspects of this paragraph.

To the right are various schemes for this bordering. None is an option and disables these borders from being seen. It's the way to turn this off. I normally use shadow, the third scheme for this although you are welcome to experiment. To the right of the type is style color and width. We'll continue with black although feel free to change the color. The style is similar to the underline style we have looked at previously. Choose the first one, a solid line. Width in this case is important. Shadow will not be obvious for width less that 4.5 so click either 4.5 or 6 pts.

You should notice that the preview indicates this shadowing effect. You can deal with each side of the paragraph by clicking it to put it on or off. If you turn on of the sides off, the type of border will be set back to box.

Shading puts a little color (or a gray) into the box You can find this at the shading tab. If using black and white, set fill as no color. In the patterns you will find various possibilities. Ypur audience should determine what percentage to use. If geared to young eyes, head higher. if geared to older eyes, head lower. Keep in mind that your laser printer will probably give you a different effect than what you are seeing. Below, we show a composite of this for you.

Notice that we have the entire line from margin to margin bordered and shaded although the text is centered. To resolve this you can go into the paragraph dialog box and change the paragraph margins or use another technique. First, let's discuss the paragraph margins. This is really dealing with paragraph topography. In many years past, it was common to indent the first line of a paragraph and not space between paragraphs. There is at least one person in this class who learned composition this way. We'll let you decide who is this aged, ancient person among you. As computerization (word processing) made its mark in the 1980's, composition changed. You probably were taught not to indent but to space between paragraphs.

Paragraph topography tries to take this into consideration. Paragraphs are broken down between first lines and all other lines. Firstl ines can be indented or outdented (or as Microsoft calls it, first line and hang). Paragraph margins - called left and right indent - can be applied to all the lines of the paragraph. In the dialog box you see off of the paragraph group are controls to handle all these situations as indicated below.

This does seem like overkill to handle this. A better tool exists for this designated as the ruler. Prior to the 2007 version, the ruler was the default. In the 2007 and this version, the ruler starts out hidden. Youi can access the ruler by the control at the right above the right scroll bar or click view and click ruler in the show group. If set on and you get out of the program, the next time Word is launched the ruler will be active. If set off when you get out of the program, the ruler will not show the next time you launch Word.

What does the ruler give you. For any paragraph (or set of paragraphs that are selected) you can control first line or hang, right paragraph margin and the interaction on the left between the first line and the others. Your instructor will show you how this is done on another paragraph and then undo. For the paragraph in question, the omne that is bordered, we need to increase the left and right paragraph margins. Below we see this,

We are into the second page. The second page info is in a file. Before bring up the file, we need to create a second page. This is most easily done by using ctrl end to go to the bottom of the page and then clicking ctrl enter to create a page break. You can also clikc page break on the insert tab. Notice, as you create the new page that the header is automatically copied. This is what we mean by headers and footers. They are on all the pages (with some control) and you don't have to worry about placing them separately as pages are addded. And, if using page number, the numbers are automatically set for you.

We need to move this added document onto your socument section. click here to load this text. This is now the 3rd word document you launch of Word is dealing with. Npw, use save as to save the document to the document directory of your system.

Move back into the new page. Remember how we ran Excel through OLE. Microsoft has added another oprion under object: text from file which is added to the document. Let's invoke this and read in the file you just saved. Below shows my document after loading the addon text.

Now, this page looks relatively drab. We can do some things with it. Take the first offer, The classic day. Let's set this to Calibri 18, bolded and with 6 pts of space afterward, none before. We hope that wasn't hard given your participation in the class, but notice there are 6 more of these to do. Do we have to do each of these the same way. Isn't there some way to copy format just as there is a way to copy text. Yes, and there are really 2 ways. Let's work on the first way.

In the clipboard group is an icon designated a format painter. When clickng this, it is expected that your cursor at that point resides on something whose format you would like to copy. This is the paragraph, "A Classic Day", is it not. Move your cursor anywhere on this paragraph. When format painter is clicked, it tries to determine all the characteristics of the text and paragraph where the cursor was. Now, move your cursor over the document. Notice that the mouse icon has changed. It looks like a paintbrush. Highlight the text you want to reformat. When you let your mouse button go, these format changes will be applied to the text (and the paragraph). Let's try this for the grand escape. The grand escape text should look like the format of the classic day.

This works very well when there is a need for small changes. We have 6 or 7 of these paragraphs to change. What if we had 50? While better than setting each paragraph separately, it still would be a long process. For this we need styles.

You can see the already existing styles within the styles group. Originally, styles were paragraph oriented but in recent versions they have an indicator as to whether they should be paragraph, character or both. To see the charactieristics of a style, click your right mouse button over the style and select modify. Let's use the normal (or first) style. right clicking you can see that this is paragraph oriented and the preview tells you the characteristics of the style. Let's do the following. Using normal, let's create a new style we will call cis103. Below, we start this creation.

In addition, click the shortcut key. We ban use this to assign a special key set to activate this style. Use alt (alt is free throughout) and the letter c as we will name this style, cis103. Come back and save this selection. Move to the paragraphs in question. If done correctly, you should be able to move your cursor on a paragraph and click the cis103 style or to move to a paragraph and use ctrl C. Keep in mind, somethines the system gets confused. There is a clear formatting option on the style dropdown and you may need to apply this first before applying this new style.

If we have time I would like to run the spell and grammar checker. How accurate are these. do you think. Let's test it out with file you can access by clicking here.

First, we are going to put a student onto the myitlab website today.

We were on this problem at the end of the lecture last week. click here to load this document as we left it.

Today we should be going over

Captions
Table of Figures
Header and footer templates/first, odd and even options
Text box templates and pulled quotes
Table of Contents and association with navigation
Cover pages
Footnotes and endnotes
Table Of index
Citations and sources
Spell Checker, Grammar Checker and how effective they are
Comments
Track Changes and applying to group word processing

Our large document will deal with a variety of subjects. It is a combination of several articles found on the internet: Patrick Mcgoohan, the prisoner and Roger Moore and other subjects. One thing to think about per our discussions of last week: How come no citations by your instructor as to whom he is quoting here?

Lat Wednesday we almost finished this document. Just a bit to go. You can access this document as we left it on Wednesday by clicking here

For today we are looking at track changes: Below we show a montage of the uses of track changes which extends into the use of the reviewing panel.

While we won't get to this today one assumes, here are some pictures to include in this document

Mcgoohan as John Drake Mcgoohan as the Prisoner Mcgoohan as the Scarecrow

The following notes are from the Spring'13 term.

Today, we are going to deal with larger documents. This would not be a surprise given the Microsoft Press (the book publishing arm of Microsoft) forces authors to use Word on manuscript submissions. The document we will deal with at present has 8 pages. You can access it by clicking here.

First thing, today - navigation. You can try Ctrl home and ctrl end and you will find both work. You can also put in all the bookmarks you like and this will also work. What changes here is the need to cycle through pages, lines, objects, etc.

We'll start today with Goto which as discussed last lecture is part of the find/replace/goto dialog box. Let's get there. Select page and enter 4 and click goto. Below is a composite of this. Included is the abiltiy to increment or decrement and we'll do that in class, also.

We'll look at the line count also. Let's head to line 200 and then decrement by 100. This takes us to page 6 and 3 respectively.

Now,let's add some pictures. Click the links and save the pictures to your computer. click for drake.jpg and Click for prisoner.jpg. Put both of these into the pictures folder.

Add the drake picture onto page 1 and the prisoner picture on page 4. Use either position or tight text wrap as we have done previously in class. You can move between pictures using goto if you would like. Make sure to click back into the document. Activate goto and play with next and previous and you will find that you can move between the two quite easily. Let's use this to set captions. You will remember that we set a caption on the last class under Michelle Pfieffer's picture. On the first picture, set a caption designated as Patrick McGoohan as John Drake. On the second set a caption as Patrick McGoohan as the Prisoner.

Word has a set of lists that you can create using the reference tab. One is a table of figures which is nothing more than a listing of the captions. Go to the end of the document and click reference and then click insert table of figures. The system is set to use links for this so set uncheck the check box so that we can see page numbers. Pick a format of your choosing and click OK, Below represents what we should be seeing.

Another possible list is Table Of Contents and in this versin of Word, it is merged with the navigation panel. At the beginning of the document, enter a new line - Origins of Danger man/Secret Agent. With your cursor still on this line, set the paragrasph style to heading1. Near the top of page 3, the document discusses the prisoner TV show. Enter a line - The Origins of The Prisoner. On page 5 you will see reference to - in the A13 and B13 documentation. Above this set the line - Adding the Saint. Again set this to heading1.

Now, two things. In the view tab, activate the navigation pane. You should see these added lines in the tab. For this version, the styles of heading1, heading2, headingx are shown in the navigation panel. Notice, that by clicking on these entries, you move to them. Now, let's add the list I was talking about. Create a new first page. The easiest way to do this is by Ctrl Home, Ctrl Enter, Ctrl Home. You should have a new page. Now, onto the reference tab. Click table of Contents and that's what you will get. By the way, word processing professionals designate this as TOC. Below, you see a table of contents with a navigation pane. One additional note: Use ctrl when clicking the TOC entry to move to it.

One aspect of academic articles pertains to footnotes and endnotes. Assume you have some extra info you would like to indicate. Readability becomes an issue. You can handle this the use of footnote and endnote which allows the reader the option of looking at this extra info. Use find to fond the first instance of Ian Fleming although you probably can see this on the first page. Move your cursor after the g of fleming and go into reference and click footnote. Notice that a 1 is placed where you were and an area between the document and the bottom margin is opened. Notice the superscript 1 down there also. Type in the following. Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, was the grandson of Robert Fleming, who in the mid 1800's was the richest man in the British EMpire. He made his fortune investing in American Railroads.

Use find to find the first instance scarecrow. This should be on page 2. After the words, the scarecrow of Rodney Marsh, let's insert another footnote that indicates that McGoohan played Dr Syn, a simple country priest who led an insurrection against the British monarch. Notice that this is footnote 2. The system keeps track of this numbering.

Footnotes can be made into endnotes very quickly. Click your right button and choose note options. On the dialog box, click convert and then into endnotes. Below, we composite this process

We had already indicated to you that there were pre configured cover pages in this system. This is designed to use the info in properties to create a new first page. Invoke a cover page through the insert tab. Notice that it will pick up several pieces of info from properties. Now, look at your table of contents and table of figures. The page numbers are not reflecting the addition of the cover page. Click you right button over the TOF and TOC and choose update field and then update page numbers to correct this.

Having invoked a cover page which is a template, let's look at headers and footers. Invoke your header either through a double click or clicking header in the insert tab. Pick austere even. Up in the header/footer tools, select different odd/even page. Also different first page. Notice that the header on shows on page 2 and 4, etc. Move to page three and invoke austere odd and now page 3,5 ,etc are set. On page 1, invoke Alphabet. Notice how you have different header selections. Below we show a composite of this.

We can do a similar situation with footers. Pick austere odd for the odd pages and austere even for the even pages. And pick alphabet for page 1.

Before the origins of the prisoner is a list of TV roles of patrick McGoohan. Let's bullet these. In the paragraph group, the top left command is a bullet. Select the 4 paragraphs of TV roles and click on bullet. This is the generic bullet. Yopu could also number. Click on the command next to the bullet command. Now you see generic numbers. Bullets and numbers can be enhanced. Notice the added conrtrol to the right of the command. Clicking this gives more options. Let's keep it as number.

We are about to do a pull quote. Highlighted text when a text box is invoked will be placed in the textbox. Click the insert tab and then textbox and draw textbox. Notice that the text is now contained within the textbox. Textboxes can be reshaped. Click change shape in the textbox tab and select an hexagon. Add to this by some 3d options and color options. Below, we see an example.

Several thing left to discuss. Citations under reference, spell checker and something special in this, spell, watermark themes, and changes to track changes (which includes comments) If we can do it today, we will but I think this is moved into the next class.

About page 7, there should be a list of TV parts played by Patrick McGoohan. If not on 7, you can find this by searching for the text TV parts played by . See the list? Let's bullet these. In the paragraph group, the top left command is a bullet. Select the 4 paragraphs of TV roles and click on bullet. This is the generic bullet. Yopu could also number. Click on the command next to the bullet command. Now you see generic numbers. Bullets and numbers can be enhanced. Notice the added conrtrol to the right of the command. Clicking this gives more options. Let's keep it as number.

We had highlighted a segment of the word document we were using bounded by TV parts played by Patrick McGoohan to Capt Rafferty in Rafferty. We could find this by scanning the document or by using the find instructions that we have studied. Now, I do have a problem. This was not done in the Mon-Wed class given the network outage we had at the beginning of Wednesday's class. So, in loading our document, I have provided both the straight text and text within a textbox and your instructor can decide where to begin the lecture. Below, we show in a set of composite shots what is needed per at least the Mon-Wed class: pulling this text into a textbox.

Now, for both classes, academic word processing needs quite a bit of footnote and endnote support. We will let our instructor handle how to do these things and at the beginning of your next class, I will bring in some books to show why we need these things. But, let's handle what we can handle today so I am copying below the portion of the lecture I did not get to from our last class.

Footnotes can be made into endnotes very quickly. Click your right button and choose note options. On the dialog box, click convert and then into endnotes. Below, we composite this process

An important addition ot the 2007/2010 versions of Word is the manage sources or bibliography section of the reference tab. It has even been upgraded from 2007. When doing a paper for an instructor, your instructor will inform you of how (s)he wants the citations - these are the sources you are using - to be listed. In the citations and bibliography group of the reference tab, click styles. You should see things like APA fifth edition, GOST, Chicago, etc. To use this, we need to put in several citations and we need to discuss (although the librarian will extend this discussion) what you are not supposed to do. And what you are not supposed to do is just copy info without indicating a source. This is called plagiarism and is seriously frowned on in Academia and can lead to you getting an F in a course. So, given the sources that you have used, howe do you load them into MS Word. While no true sources was really used in this documentation by your instructor who is the real author of this - and this is a sad situation for someone who is supposed to be a technical expert given that what you are reading about media is probably the only thing he really is an expert in - but here's some possible sourses:

Patrick McGoohan:Danger man or Prisoner, by Roger Langley, 2007. Tomahawk Press. Sheffield England.
Not a Number! Patrick McGoohan, A life, by Robert Brook, 2011, Supernova Press, Albuquerque, NM

Now, armed with these 2 citations, lets put these in a citations. There are several, but to your instructor, the easiest way is to click manage sources. The system will attempt to hold these sources for you for future projects and when you save the document. You wuill notice a left and right side. The left side is for previous citations you may have done. The right side is for the citations that you have entered for the document in question. Previous citations can be moved over by arrow to make them available for this document, but in our case we will need to enter the citation so click new.

At the top, there is type of siurce which defaults to book. The entries may change depending on the type of source you choose. If you click the check box to show all the bibliography fields, you will see they are quite extensive but it is easier to click it on again and use the fields indicated per your choice. Now, for book, using the two citations indicated above, enter the author, title, year, city of the publisher and the publisher year one at a time. After each one, click okay. Below we show our data prior to the addition of the second citation. You can see the first addition is set both at the right and left.

Generally, although not a hundred percent of the time, sources go at the end of a document. We already have table of figures at the end. Click ctrl end and lets add these sources to our document at the end. Choose the style that your instructor requests (for this class, let's use Chicago Fifteenth editon) and click bibliography. Choose either Bibliography or Works cited (this is similar to table of contents whre we chose either contents or table of contents) and with a clik these citations will be inserted into your document (Although the option insert bibliography will not put any title on for you).

Several things remain to finish this document. A quick discussion can be done on themes which you will find on the page layout tab. Themes organize the different colors being used in your document. Although we haven't used a great deal of color, look at page 0 (the cover page) (especially the line at the bottom) and the header on page 1 while selecting different themes under preview to see how colors are affected. This is new as of the 2007 version and corresponds to something that Powerpoint has had for the last several versions, We will see that in powerpoint, Microsoft has included something similar to this.

While on the page layout tab, you can also include a watermark. Either selecting an existing template or selecting custom watermark, you can add text or a picture. Let's use a text watermark and indicate For Educational purposes Only. Seelct a color (or leave it gray) and keep diagonal. Click Apply and you will see something similar to what's shown below. This is an example of what Microsoft calls Z-order which controls layering on the paper. Transparency in varying degrees is allowed and the effect here is a transparent watermark (or image) that bleeds through the text.

We end Word by dealing with several items in the review tab. We have already discusses research and the theseaurus in both classes, I believe. An important componebt is the spell checker which over the years has had a grammar checker added to it. Much is made of this facility, but you should understand it has a way to go. There is a famous poem that indicates this that you can access clicking here. Above the horizontal line is a correct syntax, below is a very incorrect syntax. Notice the spell checker runs through this as if correct syntax. Now, why? While misspelled in their use, all the words do exist and this throws off the grammar checker. Keep this in mind as you run this checker through our document.

At minimum the spell checker should find assumed misspellings per the proper names in the document. Patrick, McGoohan, Ian, Fleming, Goldfinger are not English words. These are proper nouns. To handle this, the program uses two dictionaries: one from the system designed for english, the other set by you as a custom dictionary. You can add to the custom dictionary on the fly as the spell/grammar checker does its thing or you can preset the proper nouns. Let's preset these 5 before running the checker. Click File, then options and then proofing as shown below in the composite.

Once we've set these, let's run the spell checker although if set right the system is already dealing with this. As you look at the document as it has loaded, jagged red underlines are deemed to be spelling errors and jagged green underlines are deemed to be grammar errors. You can make changes even before invoking the checker, but the checker will give you options. Let's invoke it.

First, whereever you are the checker will revolve once around the document. If starting at the top this means straight top to bottom. If in the middle, it is down to the bottom, up to the top and then to the middle. Some text is shown and the error is indicated, this time in a straight red or green underline. Ignore once will allow you to proceed so that the error is ignored at this moment. Ignore all extends this so that during this launch of Word this error is ignored at all times. Add to dictionary involves adding this word to the custom dictionary (assuming a red line indicating spelling). Below the text is some possible algorithmically created substitutions and you can select whichever of these possible changes you want and through either the change or the change all (propagating this through the document), you can change this in the text. We will not discuss autocorrect in this class but it is an interesting secondary way to do spellchecking and you should study this otside of class. Below, you will see the spell checker has found Bourban, which is a misspelling for Bourbon. That spelling is below and selected and by clicking change all, we could wipe this misspelling off the document whereever it would reside.

Finally, the comment, tracking and changes group combine several aspects of word processing the Microsoft has been working on with previous features of Word. This has been created to compete with Lotus Notes which allows group word processing. Assume three offices, Phila, Phoenix and LA and an attempt is being made to come up with a common letter used for a specific reason in all three offices. You might create the original draft, send it along to Phoenix who would make changes and they would send it to LA for changes before sending it back to you. You would want to see what changes were made and by who, rollback any changes you don't like and read any comments. This section allows you to do this. Your book doesn't indicate that this works best when a group is dealing with this and would be cumbersome for just one person. Remeber, you alone can use undo and redo to do much of this when crating your own unique document.

Start with show makeup. When in this section, you can control what type of changes or revisons to show and whether to show these changes, revisions and something called comments can be shown within the document or by balloon. Balloons are the standard choice and their use creates an additional panel to the right of your document where you can see these.

Let's start with comments. Assume that there is a question about whether the footnote for Ian Fleming should be included. Move your cursor to the suerscript 1 after Ian Fleming where you had set the footnote. In the review tab, click new comment. Notice the inclusion of the panel and the comment. Generally some indication of who is the author of the comment is indicated within the brackets. After the colon type in: Do we really need this footnote. Even before leaving this, go up to final:show markup. Switch between final show markup and final. Notice how the comment appears and disappears. Printing will do this also as the system, when printing the comment as a balloon, will decrease the zoom to a number lower than 100% (the norm for printing) to accomodate the ballon. Below, we catch a picture of this as we have gotten into the file menu and then print. Notice the bottom right indicating 84% of view allowing a portion of the document (at the right) to hold thge comment. Now, remember, this is being set for print with the final markup option as final show markup.

Now, go back to the review tab and click reviewing pane. This defaults to showing the reviewing pane vertically which results in another panel but this time to the left. This panel can do a lot of things including modifiying the text and changes in the body of the document. At the moment, only this comment is showing. But if you right click the indication of the comment in the reviewing pane, you could delete the comment, a type of rollback. Below, we show this.

Now, this gets extended by track changes. This was originally used for legal documents but Microsoft has expanded this in concept. There are defaults that you can change but for our purposes just click it on by clicking on track changes as shown below. Now, right in this area is the line ask his opinion (and possibly his association) about this. Change this to his opinion and association about this which means you have added and association and deleted (a possibly his association). Notice our add is in red and underlined. Our deletion is in a balloon, Before doping anything else, go up again and click inside final:show markup. Final gives you the document as if track changes was not invoked. returning to final show markup, we see the comment and delete balloons and we see the red underlined addition. Notice also that the reviewing panel has been modified. Moving either to inserted or deleted on the reviewing panel, we can accept or reject the insertions which would alter the document (accept would set and association as the text that should be displayed and the delete balloon would disappear, reject would set the document back to what it was before our insertion and deletion)

Since the reviewing pane also indicates the user who made the changes, you can see how you would be able to determine which office (if not user) made the change.

We would like to expand bullets. I said we could do a picture. click here to load a picture we can use.

We also want ot prove out the question of odd, even and first header/footer. So, we'll set this up in our document using austere even and odd and mod even for the first page.

We want to do some end notes and footnotes. Note that ian Fleming was the grandson of Robert Fleming who was the richest man in England in the 1800's. Note also that Patrick McGoohan played Dr Syn in Disney's the ScareCrow Of Rodney Marsh.

This version of Word allows for the inclusion of a cover page. let's use austere. Notice that this comes in a page 0 and does not affect our headers.

I have found two books on patrick McGoohan

1. Patrick Mcgoohan: Danger Man or Prisoner by Roger Langsley, Tomahawk Press, London 2007

2. Not a Number: Patrick McGoohan, A life by Rupert Booth, SuperNova Press, Alberquerque, NM 2011

Let's create citations.

While we are into tables, let's create a table of index: Use Ian Fleming, Patrick McGoohan, Sean Connery and Roger Moore.

This document has three sections - origins of Dangerman, Origins of the Prisoner and 50-60's TV. Let's start each section woth a drop cap.

Let's deal with the spell checker and thesaurus. How good is the grammer checker? Let's look at another document which you can access by clicking here.

Watermarks are background info. This document is for educational purposes. Let's indicate this as a watermark.

Themes change colors and look. Let's preview a few.

You can leave comments into your document. We can do this by comments and balloons.

In moving to comments, we start to look at track changes. This can be looked from backwards or forwards.

We should be dealing with the spell checker today. We need another Word file for vthis which you can access by clicking here.

We are going to spend the week dealing with Powerpoint. This will culminate with our inclass/takehome exam at the end of Wednesday

These are the notes from the Spring'14 semester.

Next we want to look at animations. We did a little of this at the end of last week. For an example let's concentrate on the original James Bond, the ornithologist. Here's some pictures:

On the last two pictures we want one to fade out while the other fades in. The pictures below show this setup and the slide in action

Powerpoint has its origins in the middle '80s as users attempt to make better spreadsheet (in this case Lotus) presentations. A term starts to be used called presentation graphics. Apple is in the lead on this as far as operating system companies are concerned. Other third parties, such as Harvard graphics, also create interesting packages. When we open powerpoint we are looking to some degree at Word with no text, just Objects.

Powerpoint starts you out with a selection of templates as indicated below left. No doubt these will be useful in most cases but in the problem we will be doing these will not have much of an effect. In the middle is a super box that microsoft provides with the use of some of these templates. This superbox allows the user to insert bulleted text, tables, charts, clip art, movies and pictures. All of these objects can be inserted using the insert tab of the ribbon but this box makes it much easier. Finally, any object inserted can be animated. Animation gets you close to programming. You have the ability to create entrances and exits among other things. It's kind of fun and last term I concentrated on this with my classes. For our classes this term, it will be more chocolate and vanilla. Howver, below right, you can see an object and through the animation tab, the possibilities exist for entrance, exit and enhancement options

Let's open up powerpoint. Keep in mind, that this is to some degree Word without text. Text is very important, but it is part of objects. To the left is what is known as thumbnails which was pointed out in the lecture on Word but not used. It is situated where document map is located. As opposed to documents, Powerpoint works on slides and slides have one of 9 possible starting templates designated as layout which you can see by right clicking the thumbnail. One of these templates is blank. Below, is an example of this.

Notice these templates are made up of text boxes and what Microsoft calls smart boxes. We will return to these shortly. But first, how about the background. For this, click design. If we had the time, we could have done this in Word as the coding and principals are applied. You will see 20 themes (including the default white) and click on one, Even with the default layout, you should be able to see a difference. Now, each of these themes can be modified and the preview tools used in word can be used here. Click on font and see how the whole slide is affected. Similarly with colors where a set of colors are indicated. You can if you want affect the underlying style by using options of background styles in essence to make your own type of theme. If you really get good at this, find a piece of the background and click your right button and you'll get more options for this as to the left.

Now, let's return to the templates themselves. You are familiar with text boxes in Word and windows but these text boxes have a bit if smartness associated with them. We should be dealing with the default template. One of the text boxes should say Click for title. Move your cursor inside and start typing CIS103. Notice that a certain height and justification is assumed (the justification is centered) automatically. You can change the font size if you wish, but in my case I am seeing an assumed 48 points.

Right below is the text box indicating click for subheader. Move inside this and type Section 181. Again, defaults are at work as far as centering and font size.

Let's alter the template to the most advanced possibility - this would be comparision. Click this and you will see that our text has been incorporated into the new template. Now, you have some added text boxes and we can assume that defaults as far as justification and font size are established for them. We, however, are interested in what Microsoft designates as a smart box and you can two of these. The smart handles 7 different functions. You can insert tables, charts, smart art, pictures, clip art or media (audio and/or visual). Not surprisingly these options are available to you on the insert tab of the ribbon except that it is more convenient to do these insertions through here. Now, surprisingly, we will ignore all of these. You will notice a seventh option, click to add text which we are about to do.

Start typing the microsoft office components we are to study in this class - Word, excel, powerpoint and access. Notice that these become bulleted as you type them.

This smart box has become a text box. What is a text box. It is a separate area from the word processing buffer (assuming we were in Word) where you can deposite text. Before going further in the discussion of text boxes, let's spend some time dealing with bullets and numbers in Powerpoint. It is similar to Word with several exceptions as you are in a text box. There is a verticle alignment feature which we can test amd, even more surprisingly, a text direction component. We touched on this when talking about drop cap ion Word but you can now see this in play here.

Similar to what we looked at in Word as far as pictures, text boxes are movable which we will demonstrate and you can affect their size. Notice that aspect is not a problem since each piece of text is defined with a font size.

Text boxes in Word and powerpoint can be inserted but there is a difference in Word versus powerpoint. In word, you define the height of a text box. In Powerpoint, your entry into the textbox defines the height. You define the width. As you create the text box, a format tab becomes available on the ribbon and you can see that this is similar to several tools we already studied. Take a look at the preset shape styles and the ability to make the text look like word art. You can even change the shape which your instructor wil ltry to do. What you can see here is that you can make a text box into an annotation and the other things we studied in Word. In fact this is what word does.

Your instructor will kead you into the creation of a powerpoint slide as indicated below

To do this powerpoint presentation, we need several pictures which you can find below:

Included in this is also some smart art, which is the cycle of arrows, and another arrow as a shape.

In case I can't get my flash memory to work, THis is a link to a multi slide power point presentation. click here.

For Wednesday morning, let's do the cruise powerpoint project. We'll play the powerpoint presentation and thewn try to copy it (time permitting):

1st slide: effect is appear/grow shrink. Music can be accessed by clicking here.

And here are the timings.

Here are the ships:

Second picture: Use of custom path. Pictures are use liberty1 from first screen

Third Picture: Use of appear. We may deal with this using with previous (tied to slide resolution) and then with after previous tied to each event.

Pictures:

Fourth picture: no animations: Pictures are

Fifth picture: No animations: pictures are

Sixth picture: Animations are swivels: picture are

Seventh Picture: Use of teeter animation: Pictures are

Eighth Picture: No animations.

Pictures are

Nineth Picture: Animation is appear in this case 15 seconds: Pictures are

For June 18, we are going to move further into Access using the census database that can be accessed by clicking here. Now, I have created a pseudo questionaire to delve into this which we can access by clicking here although I will be handing out a hardcopy version of this.

Let's start with the Hurricane database - you will remember that we brought the Hurricane text file into a new database - by clicking here.

When we deal with the uboat data, we can access that by clicking here.

And, we expect to get to the census problem which you can access by clicking here.

Let's start by loading at the "people" database we created (or at least started) last week by clicking here. We'll start from here.

The next two images show you what the database looks like.

Although we put data in the database for the morning class, let's all enter the follwong data:

John Smith      M   45  11/5/1968   $60
Mary Smith      F   40  10/3/1973   $80
Thomas Jones    M   35  9/20/1978   $40
James Bright    M   30  12/14/1983  $55
Susan Short     F   25  8/29/1988   $50

Now, we are going to have to add a cost field to what I have. Let's do this on the fly.

After filling these in, we should see something that looks like the following

Let's create a form for this table. Enter create and ask for form design. Since we are on the friends table, the form created will be for Friends. Here it is below:

Let's add another field here. "State" for the state where our friends were born. The states are respectively PA,NJ,NY,OH,PA. Let's enter a new field for the state but in a different way. Go back to datasheet view.

Let's use our form to enter this data. Notice that the form has not changed. We need to add state to our fields. In form go to layout view, click add existing fields and drag state to the tableau.

Let's get back to the table. We can do limited work with this in what is termed as filtering. You can sort by the type of the field. You can see the unique entries in the field and you can find entries by condition. Below is the example for the State field.

Filter is what database people would call a quick use of query. This is our next line of attack. Go to Create, then query design. The query tab will show a dialog box where you can click add for the table friends

There is plenty to discuss as far as query is concerned. It takes filter and extends it. We will do examples of listing, sorting, and extraction. Below is an example of listing the first name, lastname and state in reverse lastname order for those born in PA.

Now, click the red exclamation mark and here's the result.

What you are running is called query by example (QBE). Relational databases run on a language called SQL. Access automatically translates between the two. Click view, SQL view and you will see the following:

Ready to expand this. Relational databases are very powerful. That power comes in the definition of relationships. There are some 5 normalizations which a database designer is supposed to go through to make the database the most efficient. Let's look at the new state field. Couldn't we make this more efficient. Let's create a second table designated as state consisting on two fields: number and state abbr. Here's how this looks:

Let's change the first table. Set Pa to 1, NJ to 2, NY to 3, Oh to 4. Change the type to number which will automatically change the numbered text to real numbers.

Let's try another example.

This week we start our discussions of Access, a relational database. Your instructor will attempt to explain what is a database and what we mean by relational database.

We are going to create a database and this database will start with one table only. Below, we show screen shots of the creation of this database and table.

Year	Month	States	Safir-	Max	Max.   	Name
		Affected	Simpson 	Pressure	Winds
			Category 	(mb)	(kt)
 
1851	Jun	TX	1	974	80	-----
1851	Aug	FL	3	955	100	"Great Middle Florida"
1852	Aug	AL	3	961	100	"Great Mobile"
1852	Sep	FL	1	982	70	-----
1852	Oct	FL	2	965	90	"Middle Florida"
1853	Oct   	GA	1	965	70	-----
1854	Jun	TX	1	982	70	-----
1854	Sep	GA	3	950	100	"Great Carolina"
1854	Sep	TX	2	965	90	"Matagorda"
1855	Sep	LA	3	945	110	"Middle Gulf Shore"
1856	Aug	LA	4	934	130	"Last Island"
1856	Aug	FL	2	965	90	"Southeastern States"
1857	Sep   	NC	2	961	90	-----
1858	Sep	NY	1	976	80	"New England"
1859	Sep	AL	1	982	70	-----
1859	Oct	FL	1	974	80	-----
1860	Aug	LA	3	945	110	-----
1860 	Sep	LA	2	965	90	-----
1860	Oct	LA	2	965	90	-----
1861	Aug   	FL	1	978	70	"Key West"
1861	Sep	NC	1	985	70	"Equinoctial"
1861	Nov	NC	1	985	70	"Expedition"
1862 	None
1863	None
1864	None
1865	Sep	LA	2	965	90	"Sabine River"
1865	Oct	FL	2	969	90	-----
1866	Jul	TX	2	965	90	-----
1867	Jun	SC	1	985	70	-----
1867	Oct	LA	2	965	90	"Galveston"
1868	None
1869	Aug	TX	2	965	90	"Lower Texas Coast"
1869	Sep	LA	1	982	70	-----
1869	Sep	RI	3	963	100	"Eastern New England"
1869	Oct   	ME	2	965	90	"Saxby's Gale"
1870	Jul	AL	1	982	70	"Mobile"
1870	Oct   	FL	1	970	70	"Twin Key West (I)"
1870	Oct	FL	1	977	80	"Twin Key West (II)"
1871	Aug	FL	3	955	100	-----
1871	Aug	FL	2	965	90	-----
1871	Sep	FL	1	982	70	-----
1872 	None
1873	Sep	FL	1	982	70	-----
1873	Oct	FL	3	959	100	-----
1874	Sep	FL	1	981	80	-----
1875	Sep	TX	3	955	100	-----
1876	Sep	NC	1	980	80	-----
1876	Oct	FL	2	973	90	-----
1877	Sep	LA	1	982	70	-----
1877	Oct	FL	3	955	100	-----
1878	Sep	FL	2	970	90	-----
1878	Oct	NC	2	963	90	-----
1879	Aug	NC	3	971	100	-----
1879	Aug	TX	2	964	90	-----
1879	Sep	LA	3	945	110	-----
1880	Aug   	TX	3	931	110	-----
1880	Aug	FL	2	972	90	-----
1880	Sep	NC	1	987	70	-----
1880	Oct	FL	1	982	70	-----
1881	Aug	GA	2	970	90	-----
1881	Sep	NC	2	975	90	-----
1882	Sep	FL	3	949	110	-----
1882	Oct	FL	1	985	70	-----
1883	Sep	NC	2	965	90	-----
1884	None
1885	Aug	SC	2	970	90	-----
1886	Jun	TX	2	970	85	-----
1886	Jun	FL	2	970	85	-----
1886	Jun	FL	2	970	85	-----
1886	Jul	FL	1	982	70	-----
1886	Aug	TX	4	925	130	"Indianola"
1886	Sep   	TX	1	973	80	-----
1886	Oct	LA	3	950	105	-----
1887	Jul	FL	1	978	75	-----
1887	Aug   	NC	1	946	65	-----
1887	Sep	TX	1	973	75	-----
1887	Oct	LA	1	978	75	-----
1888	Jun	TX	1	982	70	-----
1888	Aug	FL	3	945	110	-----
1888	Sep   	MA	TS	985	55	-----
1888	Oct	FL	2	970	95	-----
1889	Sep	LA	1	982	70	-----
1890	None
1891	Jul	TX	1	974	80	-----
1891	Aug	FL	1	985	70	-----
1892	None
1893	Aug	NY	1	986	75	"Midnight Storm"
1893	Aug	GA	3	954	100	"Sea Islands"
1893	Sep	LA	2	970	85	-----
1893	Oct	LA	4	948	115	"Chenier Caminanda"
1893	Oct	SC	3	955	105	-----
1894	Sep	FL	2	975	90	-----
1894	Oct	FL	3	950	105	-----
1895	Aug   	TX	1	963	65	-----
1896	Jul	FL	2	970	85	-----
1896	Sep	RI	1	985	70	-----
1896	Sep	FL	3	960	110	-----
1897	Sep	LA	1	978	75	-----
1898	Aug	FL	1	982	70	-----
1898	Aug	GA	1	980	75	-----
1898	Oct	GA	4	938	115	-----
1899	Aug	FL	2	979	85	-----
1899	Aug	NC	3	945	105	-----
1899	Oct	NC	2	955	95	-----
1900	Sep	TX	4	936	120	"Galveston"
1901	Jul	NC	1	983	70	-----
1901	Aug	LA	1	973	75	-----
1902 	None
1903	Sep	FL	1	974	80	-----
1903	Sep	NJ	1	990	70	-----
1904	Sep	SC	1	985	70	-----
1904	Oct	FL	1	985	70	-----
1905	None
1906	Jun	FL	1	979	75	-----
1906	Sep	SC	1	977	80	-----
1906	Sep	MS	2	958	95	-----
1906	Oct	FL	3	953	105	-----
1907	None
1908	May   	NC	TS	989	55	-----
1908	Jul	NC	1	985	70	-----
1909	Jun	TX	2	972	85	-----
1909	Jul	TX	3	959	100	"Velasco"
1909	Aug   	TX	1	955	65	-----
1909	Sep	LA	3	952	105	"Grand Isle"
1909	Oct	FL	3	957	100	-----
1910	Sep	TX	2	965	90	-----
1910	Oct	FL	2	955	95	-----
1911 	Aug 	FL	1 	982 	70  	-----
1911 	Aug 	SC	2 	972 	85  	-----
1912 	Sep 	AL	1	986 	65  	-----
1912 	Oct 	TX	2 	970 	85  	-----
1913 	Jun 	TX	1 	986 	65  	-----
1913 	Sep 	NC	1 	976 	75  	-----
1913 	Oct 	SC	1 	989 	65  	-----
1914	None
1915	Aug	FL	1	990	65	-----
1915	Aug	TX	4	940	115	"Galveston"
1915	Sep	FL	1	982	80	-----
1915	Sep	LA	3	944	110	"New Orleans"
1916	Jul	MS	3	950	105	-----
1916	Jul	SC	2	960	95	-----
1916	Aug	TX	4	932	115	-----
1916	Oct	AL	2	970	95	-----
1917	Sep	FL	3	949	100	-----
1918	Aug	LA	3	955	105	-----
1918	Aug	NC	1	988	65	-----
1919	Sep	FL	4	927	130	-----
1920	Sep	LA	2	975	85	-----
1921	Jun	TX	1	980	80	-----
1921	Oct	FL	3	958	100	"Tampa Bay"
1922	None
1923	Oct	LA	1	983	70	-----
1924	Aug   	NC	1	963	65	-----
1924	Sep	FL	1	980	75	-----
1924	Oct	FL	1	975	80	-----
1925	None
1926	Jul	FL	2	967	90	-----
1926	Aug	LA	3	955	100	-----
1926	Sep	FL	4	930	125	"Great Miami"
1926	Oct   	FL	1	949	75	-----
1927	None
1928	Aug	FL	2	977	85	-----
1928	Sep	FL	4	929	125	"Lake Okeechobee"
1929	Jun	TX	1	982	80	-----
1929	Sep	FL	3	948	100	-----
1930	None
1931 	None
1932	Aug	TX 	4	935	130	"Freeport"
1932	Sep	AL	1	979	75	-----
1933	Jul 	TX        	1	975	80	-----
1933	Aug	NC	1	963	80	-----
1933	Sep	TX	3	940	110	-----
1933	Sep	FL	3	948	110	-----
1933	Sep  	NC	2	952	85	-----
1934	Jun	LA	2	966	85	-----
1934	Jul	TX	1	979	75	-----
1934	Sep  	NC	1               	975	65	-----
1935	Sep	FL	5	892	160	"Labor Day"
1935	Nov	FL	2	965	85	-----
1936	Jun	TX	1	987	-----	-----
1936	Jul	FL	3	964	-----	-----
1936	Sep	NC	2	-----	-----	-----
1937	None
1938	Aug	LA	1	985	-----	-----
1938	Sep	NY	3	946	-----	"Great New England"
1939	Aug	FL	1	985	-----	-----
1940	Aug	TX	2	972	-----	-----
1940	Aug	GA	2	970	-----	-----
1941	Sep	TX	3	958	-----	-----
1941	Oct	FL	2	975	-----	-----
1942	Aug	TX	1	992	-----	-----
1942	Aug	TX	3	950	-----	-----
1943	Jul	TX	2	969	-----	-----
1944	Aug	NC	1	990	-----	-----
1944	Sep	NC	3	947	-----	"Great Atlantic"
1944	Oct	FL	3	962	-----	-----
1945	Jun	FL	1	985	-----	-----
1945	Aug	TX	2	967	-----	-----
1945	Sep	FL	3	951	-----	-----
1946	Oct	FL	1	980	-----	-----
1947	Aug	TX	1	992	-----	-----
1947	Sep	FL	4	940	-----	-----
1947	Oct	GA	2	974	-----	-----
1948	Sep	LA	1	987	-----	-----
1948	Sep	FL	3	963	-----	-----
1948	Oct	FL	2	975	-----	-----
1949	Aug   	NC	1	980	-----	-----
1949	Aug	FL	3	954	-----	-----
1949	Oct	TX	2	972	-----	-----
1950	Aug	AL	1	980	-----	Baker
1950	Sep	FL	3	958	-----	Easy
1950	Oct	FL	3	955	-----	King
1951	None
1952	Aug	SC	1	985	-----	Able
1953	Aug	NC	1	987	-----	Barbara
1953	Sep	ME	1	-----	-----	Carol
1953	Sep	FL	1	985	-----	Florence
1954	Aug	NY	3	960	-----	Carol
1954	Sep	MA	3	954	-----	Edna
1954	Oct	SC	4	938	-----	Hazel
1955	Aug	NC	3	962	-----	Connie
1955	Aug	NC	1	987	-----	Diane
1955	Sep	NC	3	960	-----	Ione
1956	Sep	LA	2	975	-----	Flossy
1957	Jun	TX	4	945	----- 	Audrey
1958	Sep	NC	3	946	-----   	Helene
1959	Jul	SC	1	993	-----	Cindy
1959	Jul	TX	1	984	-----	Debra
1959	Sep	SC	3	950	-----	Gracie
1960	Sep	FL	4	930	-----	Donna
1960	Sep	MS	1	981	-----	Ethel
1961	Sep	TX	4	931	-----	Carla
1962	None
1963	Sep	TX	1	996	-----	Cindy
1964	Aug	FL	2	968	-----	Cleo
1964	Sep	FL	2	966	-----	Dora
1964	Oct	LA	3	950	-----	Hilda
1964	Oct	FL	2	974	-----	Isbell
1965	Sep	FL	3	948	-----	Betsy
1966	Jun	FL	2	982	-----	Alma
1966	Oct	FL	1	983	-----	Inez
1967	Sep	TX	3	950	-----	Beulah
1968	Oct	FL	2	977	-----	Gladys
1969	Aug	LA	5	909	-----	Camille
1969	Sep	ME	1	980	-----	Gerda
1970	Aug	TX	3	945	-----	Celia
1971	Sep	LA	2	978	-----	Edith
1971	Sep	TX	1	979	-----	Fern
1971	Sep	NC	1	995	-----	Ginger
1972	Jun	FL	1	980	-----	Agnes
1973	None
1974	Sep	LA	3	952	-----	Carmen
1975	Sep	FL	3	955	-----	Eloise
1976	Aug	NY	1	980	-----	Belle
1977	Sep	LA	1	995	-----	Babe
1978	None
1979	Jul	LA	1	986	-----	Bob
1979	Sep	FL	2	970	-----	David
1979	Sep	AL	3	946	-----	Frederic
1980	Aug	TX	3	945	100	Allen
1981	None
1982	None
1983	Aug	TX	3	962	100	Alicia
1984	Sep   	NC	2	949	95	Diana
1985	Jul	SC	1	1003	65	Bob
1985	Aug	LA	1	987	80	Danny
1985	Sep	AL	3	959	100	Elena
1985	Sep	NC	3	942	90	Gloria
1985	Oct	LA	1	971	75	Juan
1985	Nov	FL	2	967	85	Kate
1986	Jun	TX	1	990	75	Bonnie
1986	Aug	NC	1	990	65	Charley
1987	Oct	FL	1	993	65	Floyd
1988	Sep	LA	1	984	70	Florence
1989	Aug	TX	1	986	70	Chantal
1989	Sep	SC	4	934	120	Hugo
1989	Oct	TX	1	983	75	Jerry
1990	None
1991	Aug	RI	2	962	90	Bob
1992	Aug	FL	5	922	145	Andrew
1993	Aug  	NC	3	961	100	Emily
1994	None
1995	Aug	FL	2	973	85	Erin
1995	Oct	FL	3	942	100	Opal
1996	Jul	NC	2	974	90	Bertha
1996	Sep	NC	3	954	100	Fran
1997	Jul	LA	1	984	70	Danny
1998	Aug	NC	2	964	95	Bonnie
1998	Sep	FL	1	987	70	Earl
1998	Sep	FL	2	964	90	Georges
1999	Aug	TX	3	951	100	Bret
1999	Sep	NC	2	956	90	Floyd
1999	Oct 	FL	2	964	95	Irene
2000	None
2001	None
2002	Oct	LA	1	963	80	Lili
2003	Jul	TX	1	979	80	Claudette
2003	Sep	NC	2	957	90	Isabel
2004	Aug   	NC	1	972	70	Alex
2004	Aug	FL	4	941	130	Charley
2004	Aug	SC	1	985	65	Gaston
2004	Sep	FL	2	960	90	Frances
2004	Sep	AL	3	946	105	Ivan
2004	Sep	FL	3	950	105	Jeanne
2005	Jul	LA	1	991	65	Cindy
2005	Jul	FL	3	946	105	Dennis
2005	Aug	FL	3	920	110	Katrina
2005	Sep 	NC	1	982	65	Ophelia
2005	Sep	FL	3	937	100	Rita
2005	Oct	FL	3	950	105	Wilma  
2007	Sep	TX	1	985	80	Humberto         
2008	Jul	TX	1	967	75	Dolly
2008	Sep	LA	2	954	90	Gustav
2008	Sep	TX	2	950	95	Ike
2009	None
2010	None
2011	Aug	NC	1	952	75	Irene

Now, we can access this as a text file by clicking here. But, just in looking at the data, let's make some observations per this data. In both Access and Excel, we would like consistency per the columns. Access demands this. For Excel, it would be nice. Do you see any points of inconsistency.

How about the whole table. Certain years indicate none. Those records have completely inconsistent information. How about the years from 1936 through 1980 where wind speeds are not entered for some reason.

Right here we have a problem per Access. Access demands consistency per data in a column (and consider that the first three rows indicate column headers). Columns can be numeric and there are various types of numbers allowed including integers and floating points, which we will explain. Automatic numbering is another possible type of column possibility. Text (also designated as string) is another type of column and something designated as Yes/NO (or True/False) is another. Notice that wind speed violates this need for consistency.

How about Hurricane name? ---- is as text oriented as 'lower texas coast' so this is not a problem. Buit, take a look at the Safir-Simpson category. TS (for tropical storm) cannot work with the numbers 1 through 5.

How will Access handle inconsistancies in data within a column. In the case of numerics, it sets everything to text. the number 65 can be entered as a number or text. If data is set as text, whether looking like numbers or not, numerical calculations cannot be done on the data. In class we will modify TS to represent 0 and use 0 in windspeed to represent -----.

Another need of Access which Excel doesn't need, is uniqueness. Each record must have a unique element to it as compared to another record. Do we have that here? Yes and no. It is probable that up to 1950 there was a difference somewhere is records whether by year, safir classification or pressure. After 1950 uniqueness is achieved through name and year. However, Access has the ability to assure uniqueness though automatic numbering which we will use.

Now, let's open Access. Access data file is designated as a database. A database can have a series of objects associated with it. One type of object is a table. A table is composed of a series of records having consistent columns. This is what we are talking about per this data, is it not.

Databases also have allowance for filtering and a cousin of filtering, queries. Filtering takes a table and shows results based on constrints. This is the and/or discussion of the librarians which makes sense since they were, in essence, discussing data bases. A query is a formalized way of filtering with other possibilities.

Report and input functions also exist within a database designated as report and form. We will deal with form almost assuredy during our classes but I have questions whether we will have the time to look at reports in this class.

To start this process, we need to modify this text file. delete those years with none. let's change TS in the category to 0 and ---- is wind speed to 0.

Let's open Access. The first page pertains to databases already in existance. We are interested in creating a database. Just hit the create button. Once in this new database, designated as databasex.accdb, click on external data and start the process of bring in this text file as a table. We can start this as indicated below.

Once you have your table within the database, the comsistency of the fields (columns) can be changed in one of several ways. Either through the fields tab as shown below or through the change of view. Below, we see a start to changing field type either through more fields or data type

The image below looks at the month field. Clicking the control on the field header gives you some possibilities. These options are brought to you by MS office since this is beyond what is required by a relational database. So, within the datasheet view you can saort and filter. Notice in terms of filter, all the unique entries are displayed.

However, most Access users either though the need for more control or habit utilize the design view. Here we have two sections of control. Each field allows for type and then when the type is chosen a bottom section allows for choices pertaining to a specific type.

The image below shows the bottom section when text is chosen. Several of the bottom section options should be discussed. Obviously length is important as the default for this for any field is 255. if you need 3 characters to represent a month, 255 is wasting 252 characters per record. For a small datafile this may not be significant but when holding billions of records, it is quite significant just per a question of response and speed.

In addition, on all of this a default value is allowed. If records are being entered at all times, this makes it easier for the input operator not to mention having less errors.

Below that is the validation rule and validation text. The text is displayed if the rule is violated. Now, how do you handle a validation rule. Not much different that what the librarian would say. Remember the or statement discussed, We could handle this with a ="jan" or "feb" or "mar" or "apr" or "may" or "june" or "jul" or "aug" or "sep" or "oct" or "nov" or "dec". The equal sign is not required in Access (it is in Excel) and the or's allow for a variety of answers but keeping wrong answers from being entered. Another example would be ="M" or "F" for a field that required an answer to gender.

This screen shows the lower content when dealing with numerics. Computer architecture governs field size and one has to determine the highest and lowest value one will encounter. Byte handles the values of 0 through 255 and only integer. Integer handles -32K through 32K with no decimal places. Long integer is -1 billion through 1 billion with no decimal places. Single use 4 bytes to provide for 7 significant digits with a floating decimal place and scientific notation. Double uses 8 bytes with a floating decimal place and scientific notation.

We should also add some content per the required option. If indicated as yes, you must enter something in the field before Access will allow you to move to the next record.

In converting from text to the table, we allowed this table to be indexed by an autonumber. This is the first column. Using integers we can have up to 2 buillion records processed through this table. Keep in mind that any number can only be used once. Therefore, you may not have 2 billion records at any one time since deletions count.

Let's return to datasheet view. Records are entered one at a time and are set premanently in what could call "entered order" Sorting occurs through something called indexes. Let's do an example of this looking at pressure. If we sort in either ascending order or descending order, we are not changing the entered order of the records. We are changing the order of display through an index. let's try some sorts. Bu the way, how would you get back to the entered order per display?

We can also filter. Filter is a term in data processing pertaining to the constriction of records shown. This is easiest shown by filtering on month. Notice how we can display the records of just one month or any specific months.

So far we have been looking a one table at a time. We have been dealing with Access as if it is a flat file database. Access can do much more. But to do this, we need to study queries. We will bring up a query using one of the tablew we already have dealt with and deal with one table. This should take us to the end of the class but next class we start to look at two (or more tables) in what is called joins.

Above, we moved data from a txt file to an Access table. It is easier to do this using an excel spreadsheet. click here to access an excel spreadsheet on German Uboat losses during WWII. The information on this is in sheet1. Create an access database with this info as an access table.

The next few slides deal with the use of aliases, aggregate functions amd finally the question of joins. We will also use queries to create a new table, reasons.

For today we want to look at the basis of a relational database. What we are really looking at is the inter relationship between different tables. To look at this we will use a database consisting of 3 tables. One table consists of states with population indications. Another shows the state with the capital of the state. The third indicates the military bases operating in each state. You can access this database by clicking here.

I have put a query into the database called pop per sqmi. One class got to this, the other did not. so let's start with a join. Add to the tables being shown with capitals. if not already, set the link between state of states and state of capitals as shown below.

Here's the power of relational databases. Links designated as joins allow the interchange of information between tables. inner joins, the one we have here, go 1 to 1. If somethng is missing in either table, it is not shown in the result. Left joins in Access (and Access does not do all the possible combinations that higher level SQl databases allow) look at states, and state within states. All the entries of states.state are shown even if a link does not exist. The same on the other side, known as a Right join. All of Capitals.state would be shown whether or not a corresponding link is available in States.state. Below, we see the beginning of this.

The easiest way to add a column in the grid is to highlight where it should show and click insert columns above in the design tab. Below, we've done that.

We can do some math here remembering that we are dealing with summary data. What is the population density of the whole country. Sum the pop, sum the sqmi. But we need the sum of the pop divided by the sum of the sqmi. Notice the use of the aggregate functions to calculate this.

Let's finish this out by adding the bases table similar to what we did for capitals. Notice the bases table has abreviations for state designations. Abbreviations also exist in capitals. If it doesn't do it already, set a link from abbrev in capitals to abbr in bases. This should prove to you that there is no need for field (or column) names to be consistent between tables. Now, let's add as fields base and employees from bases and run that. The result should be similar to what's below.

Notice that we have shattered our 1 to 1 relationships. There are many bases per state in most cases and thios is what is shown. Because Access is a lower level SQl database, it is not as flexible as other SQL databases and you will have limitations as to inner, right and left joins. Generally I have found that Access will access a SQL statement consisting of all inner joins, all right joins or all left joins. We mention this because there are bases in all the states and we are only displaying those bases in states with pop2010 > 6 mil and pop density > 100.

We would like to determine the population of the 50 states. To do this, we invoke aggregate functions. Here's where there are real limitations to how SQL is syntaxed. Let's start slowily. In SQL view, just put in select sum(pop2010) from states. The result is 309183463. The sum is an aggregate function. Let's find out the state average. Substitute avg for sum. The average state has 6183669.25 population. All right. Go into design view. You can see a total row has been added which allows you to enter these aggregate functions. Now, add the bases table. We would in addition like to find out all the employees of the bases per state. Notice, we have no link. States are spelled out in states, abbreviated in bases. Let's add the capitals table to rectify this. If the links don't show up, set them.

Now, let's add state name as the first column. Somethng been added. Do you see the group by. Without group by, SQl stops in its tracks. Aggregate cannot be displayed with specific line item info in Sql unless that line item data is acknoledges to be a group by. QBE handles this for you; Sql view does not. To finish this problem, click for employees. The system with set group by as a default. Click for sum. ANd then let's run. If you did this right, you have the population for the atate and the sum of the employees for the bases that reside in the states. Below, we show this,

We still have to resolve the underlying problem of last class. What is the percentage of a state's population that works in military bases? You can access this database by clicking here.

Below is our calculation to determine the sum of the employees in military bases per state (this is subtotaling using group by), taking the population of each state (detail so part of group by) and then doing a calculation involving a detail and aggregate.

I don't know if this was in Access 2007, but I do notice that Access 2010 contains a crosstab option. I have been experimenting with this and I think we can do it in class. The following images below show the creation of a croostab. Here's the first showing how QBE deals with this.

Below is the result. Notice that there are no totals. Totals can be set in similar manner that you will see in Excel table structure. It is inconvenient to have to set each column independently of course.

Once we are done with our census problem, let's try one more problem. I have modified a problem we will do in excel as access. Load up the fleming database by clicking here. This is an access database with one table designated as fleming. Below is a picxture of the table.

We have some data on the fourth sheet of an excel spreadsheet. We want to bring this info into access as a table. We can access the excel spreadsheet, flemingx.xlsx, by clicking here.

For this data, there is no header line. Access will default to field0, field1, etc. Let's make some changes only using datasheet view. Below, we see changes to name of field and changes to length of field.

Below, you can see what this looks like when done. We've stayed in datasheet view although this, obviously, could have been done in design view.

Now, we want to link the two tables. Name of book (title in one, book in the other) is the obvious choice. In doing this link we are doing a many to one situation. Now, once the link is done, we want to determine for each book title, the year of publication (book table), amount of books distributed and returns (sums calculated through the fleming table) and a calculated sum - subtraction of the two totals. Below is how we set this up.

Here's the calculation results

Click here for the spreadsheet as we left it on Wednesday.

We will be doing the Big W dealership problem for the second half of the class. You can access this at clicking here.

Unit 3 of your book does Excel under the title 'Electronic Spreadsheets.' For your own info, thec term derives from regular spreadsheets which are extended length ruled (as column and row) sheets of paper that bookkeepers and accountants have been using since the late 1800's.

We will be doing a different problem - one that emphasizes relative addressing. But, in following me, you should be reading and following the book although you will be using my test.

Excel is very mathematically oriented. It uses the mathematics you were taught between the 7th and 11th grade. If there was a question in your mind whether you would ever need that stuff, well, here it is.

Anyway, your instructor should have (or will) discuss the following points with you about excel as we start

Similarities (and differences) of the ribbon structure to Word
Navigation around a spreadsheet
Use of multiple spreadsheets in a file(What Microsoft calls a workbook)
Bias in entering data - what's horizontal and what's vertical. If we don't discuss it, modern spreadsheets line items grow downward, fields of data move rightward
Types of data that can be entered per cell - numeric, alpha and formula
Selection of multiple cells and use of ranges. Note:starting several versions back this was extended but for this class we keep it to the rectangular view.

Throughout our discussion of Excel we should be doing multiple problems demonstrating it's usage and, as mentioned above, the book has its own problems for you to look at. You, as a student, should be doing all these problems at home and/or outside of class alone to build up your expertise. Your excel test will be in class on Monday, Dec 12th. It is very important to continually try these problems as this will train your mind into this type of thinking which is not bad thing to know in life but especially not bad for the test.

For this week's class, let's do the handout - the Big w auto dealership which you can access below. This is a very rudimentary problem which is based on 1985 usage of excel. In dealing with this problem, we are starting our discussion of the nuts and bolts of excel. Starting from addressing we can deal with:

Relationship logic which leads to absolute and relational addressing. Besides giving examples of this in class, you can click here to bring down a word file with a discussion on this.
fills (which act as copies in Microsoft word)
Using ranges, determine sums, averages, counts, maxs and mins
Discuss the use of Ifs. Note: Excel has become in reality a programming language whose face is what you see. In programing languages, if statements provide the beginnings of code control. In Excel, if statements are a basis of controlling the logic of data.

The hardest part of this is understanding relational addressing. Keep in mind that when you put =a2+1 into a cell, excel does not set this as the specific cell a2. if uses an offset (or difference) to tell itself how many rows and columns from the entered cell a2 is. If you are in a4 while putting in =a2+1, excel sets this as a offset of =2 rows, 0 columns. If you are in a1 and set =a2+1, the offset is 1 row, 0 column. If in c2, the offset to =a2+1 is 0 row, -2 columns and in the case of g5, the offset is -3 rows, -6 columns. It is this offset that is used for determining relationships. However, in the case of absolute addressing, =$a$2+1 for instance, a2 is always used.

If you understand relational vs absolute addressing, excel becomes very easy. A 2000 line item table (rows) is as simple as dealing with a 5 line item table with the only difference being the physical need to move through the line items. To this effect, Microsoft has developed the new construct, table, to deal with this. Now, in class, before dealing with the problem for the day, your instructor will show you some examples.

We are going to look at a problem that your instructor has previously done in classes. By time we're done, we will have done many of the techniques discussed in every Excel instructional book. But before we start, you must understand that the use of Excel has evolved over the years. The problems we are doing, and the techniques your book describes at the beginning are circa 1985 in use. Today, Excel is used as a supplement to database info (and similar type situations). There is an expectation that raw data is already available in some form (generally from a database although your instructor deals professionally with a set of problems where data is generally kept on excel spreadsheets) and that this information will need at minimum something called subtotaling. Once this is done, Excel's excellent chart (graph) tools finish up the project.

However, for our first problem, we are looking at entering our own data - we have no where to retrieve it from - and this data has already been subtotalled. Nevertheless, this problem should give us an idea about entering data and formulas, looking at the normal bias of excel, use of ranges and fills, use of various functions and the use of graphs.

So, if your instructor has not given you a handout - or you are going over what was done in class - let's bring up this problem and first discuss it in terms of what you know business to be and to need as far as information is concerned and then we'll start to apply some excel on it. Click here for the Big W auto dealership. Please note: I have changed the underlying document but the pictures (screen shots) use the previous instance of the BigV dealership.

Before discussing this problem, keep in mind that 6 salesmen is not a reasonable assumption today, In real life threr would have to be more salespeople and this is not even considering that most auto dealerships are chains. In doing this problem, we will handle it as if there were many more rows. This would be in preparation of further problems this term that will contain much more information.

In addition, all spreadsheets for commercial use have headers. We will ignore column headers as we start this problem and they will be put in later. Use A1 through A6 to enter the salesman's name. Use B1 through B6 to enter the amount sold for last month. Notice that excel is giving you informatiin as you enter the data. Non numeric data is left justified, Numeric data is right justified. Notice that Excel has not made any assumption on decimal points and as you put in an integer, that's what's there. Since this is money, should it be left as an integer? Do you have any other options when imputting? Yes, you could enter commas as separators but we will not be supporting that in this problem.

Even before putting anything else in, let's handle column width. Widths start out as standard. At minimun, you can manipulate column width by placing your cursor between two columns at the top (where the colunn indicators are) and use the cursor you aee at that point (I call it a grabber) to change column width. Below, you can see this in operation as both column widths have been decreased.

Besides the movement of the columns, look what happened to the data. Text is truncated. Numerics become first scientific notation (one of the allowable entries of numeric data on this system) and then pound signs. Excel is geared for math and it wants to make sure no decision is made on wrong assumptions. If it is trancated as done in string data, one might make a wrong decision seeing the wrong numeric entry. You can bring this back by invoking autofit for column width. A poll is taken on the width of each entry in a column and the widest entry determines the width of that column. If you can fit the widest, all the others will also fit, of course. There are ways to do this by the ribbon which your instructor will show you and by mouse. In terms of mouse, take the column in question and at the right gridline of the column description, double click.

In this problem, each salesperson gets $12000 a year split over the year. That is $1000 a month. Now, we could put in a 1000 for each entry next to a salesperson (column C), but we are going to use some math and relational operators to do the job. Math uses operators to determine what to do with numbers. Common operators (for real math and Excel) is + (addition) - (subtraction) * (for multiplication) and / (for division). To tell excel that you are dealing with a math operator, you need to start the entry with an equal sign (=). If you don't, you violate what excel feels is numbers and your entry defaults to text. The mathematics of this is 12000/12. Put this in at c1. Notice this is left justified and no calculation has taken place. Now try =12000/12. The equal sign indicates to exc el that we have a formula. 1000 shows up indicating that a calculation has occurred and it is right justified. Congradulations, you have done your first calculation albeit an easy one. Now, this is important. There are many things that make excel powerful and one is the ability to replacate relationships. The easiest relationship is a calculation. Move back into c1. There are 3 cursors in excel. The big plus sign is used to select cells and this is a way of creating ranges which we will talk about shortly. At the bottom right of any border in excel one would see a crosshair and put your cursor there now and you will see what I'm talking about. Finally, at the bottom left is both a crosshair and normal mouse cursor symbol combined. This is for moving and would be like a cut and paste in Word.

Now, in C1, move your cursor to the right bottom. When you see the crosshair, click your left button and drag the crosshair down the column. Below, you will see an example of this.

Let go of your mouse button and you will have copied this information. Waht was copied. Your relationship. You could see this by moving into each cell in column c and looking at the formula bar. It is easier to look at the screen with just formula. Go into the formula tab of the ribbon and on the right click show formulas. Below, you can see the result.

So you can see that you really did copy the cells as far as formulas are concerned. Now, hit show formula again to return to normal mode. We need to calculate the commission defined in our documentation as one percent of the sales amout for each salesperson. First, what is 1%. One could look at this as 1/100. Also as .01. And these are perfectly reasonable. But excel allows you to use 1% which is the easiest. Now, how do we calculate the first salesperson's commission (B1 for the sales, D1 for the result). We could use =1%*240000 or =240000*1% - this is one of the laws in our math which you should have learned in high school. This will work but it is limited. What would happen if the 240000 sales figure was changed (a late sale, a sale that was missed, or a busted sale where the figure goes down) WE would need to change this twice. One in B1 and the other, here, in D1. It is easier to reference the value of a cell than continually use the number. Therefore, our math relationship in D1 should be =1%*b1 or =b1*1%. Put this into your spreadsheet. Now, I am going to use E1 to put in what was originally proposed: use the math expression =1%*240000. Now, let's change B1 to 200000 (a sale of 40000 did not go through), Look at the result in your spreadsheet. Below, we have the example.

See the difference. The moral of this story: use references to cells. Now, let's do the same thing to column D that we did to C. Move your cursor to D1 and its right bottom border. Use the crosshair to fill down. Notice numbers are being put into the cells. They are 1% of what is 2 columns to the left. Use show formulas again and you will see what I have below

Notice that B1 was changed to B2 through B6 as we went along. You didn't do this. You had originally set B1. If B1 would have showed up, you would have been dealing with an absolute address. Excel determined that B1 was 2 columns to the left of D1 and 0 rows offset. As you filled into D2, the corresponding cell would be 2 columns to the left and 0 rows offset. Of course, we are therefore talking about B2 in this case and this was substituted. Look at the others: you will notice that this analysis is working for all these cells.

Now, look at D1. you should be able to see that it references b1. How does Excel look at this. Not as the cell b1. it looks at this as the cell 2 columns to the left. As we copy down this relationship, as it hits a cell and needs to enter a formula, the reference to a cell two columns to the left is enforced. Now copy this down to fill d2 through d6.

Previously, we have clicked within cells to see the formulas in the formula bar. Is there some way of doing this on a more geenral basis. Yes! In the formulas tab, on the right click show formulas and you will see what we have to the right. This is a good tool to use to see formulas in general as it lays it out on the spreadsheet. Ypu can even operate your spreadsheet this way in terms of entering formulas but you would not see the results. Your instrcutor would recoment that every now and then you click on this, especially if you have a big and complicated spreadsheet, to see if the patterns of the formulas make sense.

Click show formulas again and you are back to the regular aspect of excel. Excel has some other tools that you can use to get a feel whether you are proceeding as planned. Move your cursor to D1. Staying in the formula ribbon, click trace precedents and an arrow will appear emanating from B1. You can eliminate the arrow by using remove arrow/remove precedents. Precedent is a nice way of saying the di uses b1 in its calculation and b1 is 2 columns over to the left.

Reversely, click in cell b5 and click trace dependents. Notice the same type of arrow going from b5 to d5. On complicated spread sheets this can be a help to trace the flow of the data. Below, we have composited these two controls.

While we are on the formula tab, let's indicate a new control for excel in this version and that is evaluate formula. It's use is better seen with more complicated formulas and you should use this as you study for your test in a few weeks, but it will show you the sequence of calculations that excel uses for get an answer for any cell. Move onto D6 and click this control and you will see these calculations in action.

We have one more column to calculate. The sum of fixed and variable. Let's sum up column C and D. E1 will be =c1+d1. Let's copy down. By E6, what do you think will be our formula. If you guessed =c6+d6, you are correct. And keep in mind, this is the same as =d6+c6.

While we are looking at calculation, this would be a good time to talk about ball parking. Excel does what you want it to do. There is no editorial comment from the program. It has no way of knowing or interpreting what is the ultimate purpose of these calculations. It is up to you to make sure that these calculations make sense. I use equivalents of 1% to determine if in the ballpark. !% is easy to deal with since you drop 2 zeros. In other problems 10% is the marker and yuo drop 1 zero. Let's assume that this problem was working with 1.2% commission. I'd still use 1% as my marker doubling the result to look at 2%. The end reult, when applying 1.2% should be between 1% and 2% and it should be biased closer to the 1%. Look at our calculation at this point 1000 for the monthly fixed should have looked somewhat correct based on the statement "12000 over the year". The number in the D column should correspond to 2 zeros being dropped from the values in B. Finally, the calculations should be easy enough to check the accuracy of column E.

Let's continue. Sheet operations are independent unless you yourself change this. You have been working with sheet1 and probably have not realized that sheet2 also has calculation in it. Click on sheet2. Here's are problem again but with 2 columns. Look at the last column indicated in blue. We have been dealing with something called relational addressing. 3 other addressing schemes exist in Excel. For this class, we will deal with one other, absolute addressing. Using trace precdents, click on G6. You should see something like below which is very different than what we have seen before. This is crosiing rows. In absolute addressing, which is indicated by a $, you really are using the addresses indicated. Therefore $c$1 stays as $c$1 as a fill takes place.

Having dealt with absolute addressing, what about column F. The results look the same as E but the calculations are done very differently. We are using a function designated as =sum(). As with many functions, this can be widely used: as an example =sum(first, second, third, four) would be legitamate where first, second, third and fourth are something called ranges or cell or constants (in math). So, this brings up what is a range?

For this class (and this has changed with the additon of the use of the extended selection by way of the ctrl key) a mouse selection that resembles a rectanggle is a range. Take an example. Select c1. Drag your mouse through c6. C1 to c6 make a rectangle and a range. You can designate as c1:c6 or c6:c1. Similarly, we have the same situation with c1 and d1. They make the range c1:d1 (or d1:c1). By placing a range in the sum function, you can sum up all the elements (cells) indicated by the range. So, you see the f1 contains =sum(c1:d1). Ranges are similar to cell addressing in that they can be manipulated. One fill filled up column F.

Let's go back to our sheet1. Column totals wouldn't be a bad idea for B,C,D and E. Can you figure out the fastest way to do this. If you said range, you are correct. We'll show you two ways to do this as we are in class

Previously, we discussed relational vs absolute addressing (and we are using relational for this problem although I may show you an example of absolute at the end of this lecture, today. Manipulation of widths of columns and how Excel deals with numbers when the width is too small vs numerics. We looked at ranges and how these are used with the function Sum() and used Sum() (and autosum) in column totals among other things. You also saw how to turn the spreadsheet into a table of formulas. Now for today, we are going to deal with insertion of rows (possible columns) and setting up a set of column headers. Also, how to gruop columns (and rowsfvor the matter) and the creation of a very limited graph).

We are going to look at insertion. This can be done on many levels including insertion of a cell, a range, a row and a column. Unless you are at the row and column level, a second question is asked of you. Are you moving down the other cells by rows or by columns. You are not asked this question when a row or column is inserted. In additon, there are two ways of requesting insert. The one not recommended by me is the formal approach using the insert control on the home tab as indicated below.

In the case of an insertion of a row (or column) to use the context sensitive popup using the right click of the mouse. To sdo this, click the row that will move down when the new row is inserted. n the case of several rows being inserted at the same time, drag your mouse and select the number of rows where the first row will move down. In our example we need to add 3 rows. One for the title of the table, a blank and then the column header. Below, you see the start of this, Rows 1 to 3 are highlighted. A right click has made the pop up menu appear and we are about to click insert on that menu.

We can handle the title first and it can be as simple as the Big V Auto Dealership. We want this to center over our table. Insert Big V Auto Dealership in A1. It will bbleedc into b1 abd probably c1. Highlight the range a1:e1 and click the merge and center button in the alignment group of the home tab. What we've done here (as mentioned on Wednesday in class) is create a large A1 spanning to F1. And our result should look similar ot what we show below.

Now, we will allow the blank row to stay at row 2 as it is but now let's concentrate on the header row which we will put in row 3. Each cell of row 3 will provide header info for that column. But it's not going to look good as we first put it in. We will have to manipulate the row as you will see. But first, let's enter the info. Column A is Sales Person. Notice how it bleeds into the next cell. That next cell should be Sales Amount. Column C is fixed. Column D is sales Commission. And, finally, column E is total Salary.

One solution would be to widen the columns as demonstrated on Wednesday. While it will work, it will make the spreadsheet look odd with the columns being to big. WHat we would like to do is have the system break the cells so that there may be multi-leveled descriptions. And that's what we are going to do. But first, let's bolden these descriptions and increase the point size. With row 1 selected (and this is done by clicking in the descriptor of row 1 where it says 1), increase the point size to 12 and click the bold button.

Now, you have two choices as to selection. You can use the pop up menu as we have done before and select format cells or the format control on the home tab and select format vcells. Below we show both possibilities.

Click on format cells and you will se a dialog box pertaining to 6 possibilities for the range selected. One, protection, we will not deal with. Font generally can be dealt with using the font group of the home tab of the ribbon. Even number, which is very important, can be dealt with through the number group of the home tab. But alignment still holds importance and we want to click this. Notice there is a check box, merge cells, and in essence this was used to create the title in Row 1 although it is easier to control through the icon we used.

There are two combo boxes which control the type of formatting on a vertical and horizontal level. To start out, use center and center and click the wrap text check box. This is the most important of the control although you would not know it by the placement. Below we show a compoasite of these selections and the result.

Fixed really should be at the bottom and this would have occurred if the vertical controls were set to bottom. Further, you might want to set this text at an angle and the picture below shows this using a 45 degree angle.

If you want, you can set this back. We now want to set up 3 rows below this table indicating for each column, max, min and average. Our table stretches to row 10 so let's use row 12 to start this. To get an averagbe, indicate a range in the =average() function. Likewise for max using =max() and min using =min(). So in B12, set the function =average(range) where range is B4 through B9. Why not use B10?

Similarly, in B13, set up the max and in B14, set up the min. Similar to our totals, these are relationships that can be copied over. But you do not have to do this a row at a time. Excel is smart enough to fill up ranges. Select the range B12 though B14 and then grab the handle and copy over. See how easy this is! Below is a composite of this.

We have our spreadsheet and then some. Suppose we would like to prepare it for a few viewers. But the needs are different for any of them. There is the owner who wants to know what amount was sold and what the salaries were. There is the accountant who need to see all numbers. To resolve this, Excel provides from grouping which on the operating system is called un Or decompress and compress. Here we have group and ungrouping of rows and columns. This is done on a specific entire row or column basis. Group and ungroup is found on the data tab of the ribbon.

Let's start this looking at columns C &D - fixed and variable. The big boss is probably not interested in this so highlight the entire column c and the entire column D by clicking insider the descriptor headings of c and D. Now, click group on the data menu. A new section opens up with new controls. Use of the controls (both to the left and above the columns) allows you to compress C & D from view or make them visibile. Similarly, let's do the same for rows 12, 13 & 14. hen compressed, by the way. a printout will not showe these columns and/or rows so this works even when printing. Below is an example of this.

A graph or chart might look good here. Let's reference the sames person's name and show their salary. What type of chart would work to do this. Probably a bar/column chart. Microsoft calls that we woud normally call a Bar chart, a column chart. For this class bar abd column is interchangeable and you can do either when asked to do a bar chart.

Over the years, excel has made it easier and quicker to invoke a chart. Here's how easy it is. Drag you mouse over the names of the sales people including the column header, Sales person. Do not include total info. You have selected a range, A3 through A9. Now, depressing your control key, extend the range by dragging your mouse over the salaries. Again include the column header by do not include the total. This is the extended range I alluded to previously and it is only with this type of charting that we will support it. Now, at the moment, A3 through and E3 through E9 have been selected and you should be able to see thiso nthe spreadsheet. Now, click the insert tab of the ribbon and hone in on the middle section of graphs. Click column and choose whichever "sub graph" you want to produce the chart. Below is a composite of this.

We are going to try to do two problems today: the books of Ian Fleming and the CBL. let's deal with the fleming books first which is just below. Click here to go to the CBL problem later in the class. Although below we show accessing this file through access, we will be accessing this through Word. click here to access the Fleming problem.

Below we show what we intend to do with the this problem from creating an excel spreadsheet to the use of a two dimentional pivot table

For today, we want to do another problem designated as the CBL. You can access the file for processing by cbl.accdb. The CBL problem is as such: Each statistic represents a portion of MVP points. A single is worth one pt, double is worth 2, triple 3, home run 4. Each walk is .75. Steals and sacrifices are .5. Each error is a negative 3 (-3). Calculate the MVP points for each player. The player with the most points is the league MVP. Who is it? The team with the best average MVP points is the league champion. Break down this info by bats Left and right. You can see the full description of the documentation at clicking here.

In previous classes, we did this problem as a subtotal example. We don't have the time to do subtotals this term but we'll supply the example for you.

We are doing sheet1 by subtotal. Remember, in subtotals, you have to do the prep work. We want to find the average MVP points per team. Just like the previous problem where we needed to get the book titles together, we need to get the players of each team together. To do this, we need to sort on team name and it doesn't matter whether you do this ascending or descending. Once we have our sheet sorted, we move into subtotoals by clicking subtotal in the data ribbon. We are using breaks in the team name to do this. We need to select average and the column we need the info on is the last, MVP points, and that is already clicked. Below, you can see this.

Clicking on control 2 will just show the teams and their average points. Sort on points and you will find that the Boston Braves (who are now the Atlanta Braves by way of Milwaukee) are the winners. Format to two decimal places and compress columns B through M. Now, we only see columns A and N, Highlight the h3eader and team info (not the grand average info) and run a bar chart and you should have what is indicated below.

Onto the next sheet. Looks the same as when we started the first. This time, let's use excel to help with our formula. Home runs are in F2. Move your cursor to N1 and enter MVP points. Now into N2 and put =4*. Now click on F2 and you will notice an F2 is placed to the right of the * in N2. Below, we catch this. Notice that f2 is outlined (Microsoft terminology for perforations around a cell). This will be bordered in some color as we add the next operator, in this case a + for addition.

Now, let's finish this off. Having put in the + (notice the border around F2 has become a normal border), we click on g2 and g2 is now next to the + as n dicated below.

Let's finish this off to get the numbers we had in the first sheet. Remember that the first individual ends up with 57.5 and the last player is 290.5. This sheet is going to be done by pivot table. There is no prep. It's right into pivot tables and all we need to do is click inside the table and click the insert tab and then pivot table. Once into the pivot table, select team name and mvp points. Our results should look like subtotals. Through the pivot table, sort hightest to lowest, format to 2 decimals, graph and format the pivot table. Below, shows where we are at this point.

At thiws point, our pivot table looks like our subtotal info. I call this a 1-d pivot table. Let's see if we can show you something a little more complicated. Each player bats either right or left handed (we assume no switch hitters). Click bats and drag bats fvrom rows to columns as i will show you in class. Now, the pivot table is 2-D with rows and columns. You should be seeing something like the following.

Notice the chart also. This is what is known as a stacked bar chart where two (or more) sources of info make up the bars. Pivot tables have tremendous capability which includes the ability to calculate information of the subtotal (group basis). This is similar to the having command in SQL. let's assume, given this information, that we would like to know the percentage of left handers on all the teams (it is possible that your instructor has picked left handed based on his own biases and you must always be aware that you may be adding such a bias in any statistic you try to determine. In this case, absolutely, your instructor has picked left handedness given that he is a natural left hander).

Now, to do this, we need to add a count here.Drag bats to the value box and since this is a text field, the system will automatically set this as a count. Cut the chart as it will now start providing meaningless information. You should see something like the foloowing.

We want to calculate a field based on this info. We would like to know on a group basis by team, how much effect did the home runs have in mvp points as a percentage for left handers vs right handers. The higher the number, the more home runs influenced this. Add home runs to our values. This should come in as a sum. Now, there is a control designated as formulas. One of the options of formulas is calculated field. This works out math on a group basis. We are showing home runs and MVP points by left and right. Whatever we ask, it should show this by left and right. We are going to ask for 4 * home runs/ mvp points. Home runs and mvp points are already fields. we start by entering (4* after the equal sign. Click the field homeruns. Enter a slash (/). click mvp points. Above this call this field per hr and click add. Notice that this has been added to our list of fields. It should already be clicked, but if not, click it on. Do you see the percentages? Set this to 2 decimal places. Below, we follow this argument with a picture.

We turn our attention to the new table construct. Let's do this by formatting. On the home tab, select format as table. Pick whatever color you want. Before we do our calculations, let's determine several things here. Who were the top 10 home run hitters in the league. Click the home run column header control and click number filter. Now, ask for top ten. Below, we show the process.

You can sort the home run column to see these in descending order. Now, let's answer another question not done before. Who are the top 10 players batting averages. Batting average is the number of hits (homers + singles + doubles + triples)/(at bats - sacrifices). Multiply this by 1000 and you get a set of numbers. In this column, sort descending. We will only look at players with 300 or more bats. Set this as a numeric filter in at bats. Now, back to batting average. Again set a numeric filter and select top ten. You will notice that only 2 show up. This is still considering the players with less than 300 at bats. In both access and excel, logical and really mean what they say. The way to handle this is allow the filter for 300 or more bats, sort batting average descending and then group player 11 through the end together and apply group by compress. Below, you see this.

Move into N1 and indicate MVP points. N has been added to the table.

Now, for our last situation, what if there was an added stipulation that 30 points were awarded to the players that hit the most home runs. Also, the same was true of the most hits. How would you handle this?

You can start with the if statement. It's format is =if(condition, do if true, do if false). Conditions are equal (=), less than (<>, gretater than (>), Less than or equal (<=), greater than or equal (>=) and not equal (<>).

Welcome to Marc Rauer's web site for his Summer Session I'14 students in CIS103 section 101 at NERC meeting between 9 and 1:05 Monday and Wednesday.